Nergal
Nergal is a Mesopotamian deity who appears in a curse formula of the Hurrian king Tish-Atal of Urkesh alongside Hurrian deities Belet Nagar, Lubadag, Šimige, and Teshub. His name might have served as a logographic representation of a Hurrian deity such as Kumarbi or Aštabi, though this possibility is disputed.
↻ synthesized from 33 sources
When
- First attested
- 3000 BCE
- Attested period
- -3000 – 2020
- Historical notes
- Appears in Hurrian king Tish-Atal inscription; name possibly used as logographic representation of Hurrian deities.
Relationships
- co occurs with
- Šī-šarrat, Šulinkatte, Zilipuri, Ishkur, Ugurtu, Pišaišapḫi, Allatum, Belet-Šuḫnir, Belet-Terraban, Ikshudum, Nupatik, Ḫešui, Nanshe, Gula, Ninhursag, Igalim, Shulshaga, Gatumdug, Dumuzi-abzu, Nin-MAR.KI, Hendursaga, Nindara, Ningishzida, Nina, Išḫara, Annunitum, Dagan, ᴰKamiš, Ṯiẓẓu-wa-Kamāṯu, ʿAštar, Nisaba, Ninkarrak, Ilaba, Manzat, Shullat, Hanish, Umshu, dšu-nir, Shalash, Itūr-Mēr, Belet Ekallim, Addu, Yakrub-El, uridu-genies, lamassatum-genies, Imzuanna, Lulu, Ninzuanna, Lugalmea, Ili-mīšar, Ninmah, Abu, Ig-alima, Šul-šagana, Allani, Shuwala, Ninazu, Nungal, Kanisurra, Ishtaran, Tishpak, Neti, Kaka, Šulpae, Ninshubur, Hušbišag, Ḫedimmeku, Mardula'anki, Lugal-namtarra, Kumarbi, Ningublaga, Igišta, Alammuš, Ereshkigal, Damkina, Ea, Nabu, Igigi, Madānu, Utnapishtim, Ellil, Mushteshirhablim, Neretagmil, gods of Eshumesha, Damkianna, Ashur, Pabilsag, Ugur, Ninisina, Papsukkal, Ninlil, Inanna of Kish, Ninnibru, Adamma, Nam-tar, Lases, Mammitum, Amamit, Aški, Taški(m)-Mamma, Ningirsu, Nintinugga, Siras, Ninkasi, Bēlet-balāṭi, Dullum, Nindumgul, Igalimma, Eḫ, Bizila, Kurunnītu, Nin-Isina, Nabarbi, Aštabi, Ishum, Hebat, Shuwaliyat, Alḫe, Dadmiš, Šubula, NIN-ṣar-BE, Ištar-ṣarbatum, Birtum, Enmesharra, Niraḫ, Ninmesharra, igitelû, Adad, Zababa, Urash, Sebitti, Erimbinatuku, Inshushinak, Ishmekarab, Ninegal, Ipte-bit, Ikšudum, Birdu, Mamitu, Gašru, Ku'annesi, Zi-mingi, dZi-MU, Zi-ĝara, Almu, Alamu, Šarrabu, Ḫar, Ningal, Lakupittu, Bau, Lisin, Lahar, Gukishbanda, Kulla, Ningubalaga, Ninsar, Erra, Rashnu, Munkar and Nakir, Abathur Muzania, Shara, Utu, Lugalbanda, Asag, Enki, ʿAṯtar, Ištar, Shamash, Tiamat, Anzû, Anu, Nebo
- allied with
- Belet Nagar, Lubadag, Šimige, Teshub, Kubaba, Nubandag, Bau, Marduk, Nabu, Nanaya, Sutītu, Zarpanitu
- aspect of
- Anunnaki
- cognate of
- Chemosh
- syncretized with
- Erra, Resheph, Simut, Lugalirra, Meslamtaea, Lagamal, Ugur of Hayaša, Gugalana, Tir, Angeł, Bel-ṣarbi
- consort of
- Ereshkigal, Lases, Admu, Mammitum
- enemy of
- Ereshkigal, Nam-tar
- parent of
- Tadmuštum
- has aspect
- ᴰKammuš
- student of
- Ea
- manifested by
- Lugal-silimma, Guanungia, Erra, Meslamtaea, Ḫuškia, dU.GUR
- served by
- Meslamtaea, Ugur, Ishum, Lugalirra
Mentioned by
- Shara
- Utu
- Lugalbanda
- Asag
- Enki
- ʿAṯtar
- Ištar
- Shamash
- Tiamat
- Anzû
- Anu
- Nebo
- Nanaya
- Sutītu
- Zarpanitu
- Ugur of Hayaša
and 18 more
Sources
- peer reviewed
Source passages
“she appears alongside Hurrian deities Lubadag (Nupatik), Šimige and Teshub, as well as the Mesopotamian Nergal, whose name might have served as a logographic representation of that belonging to a Hurrian deity”
#9210 · extracted by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
“Sources from the Middle Bronze Age indicate that Kubaba was one of the three principal deities of Carchemish, the other two being Nergal and Nubandag.”
#9824 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“Marchesi and Marchetti reject this theory due to Nupatik and Nergal being distinct deities in Hurrian sources, such as an inscription of Tish-atal.”
#10331 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“In Ur she is only attested near its end, always in association with Nergal.”
#10923 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“A temple dedicated to her existed in Kinunir. It is possible that it also housed shrines of Nergal and Ningishzida. At one point it was pillaged by Lugalzagesi. Kinunir often occurs in documents from the Ur III period alongside Nina, the cult center of Nanshe.”
#10985 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001