Birtum
Birtum is a deity in Mesopotamian mythology who is the husband of Manungal. This marital relationship connects him to the underworld divine hierarchy through his consort.
↻ synthesized from 3 sources
When
- First attested
- 3000 BCE
- Attested period
- -3000 – -1
- Historical notes
- Mesopotamian deity attested in cuneiform sources as consort of Manungal.
Relationships
- co occurs with
- Ninkasi, Ninegal, Bēlet-balāṭi, Ninimma, Siras, Dullum, Nindumgul, Igalimma, Eḫ, Bizila, Kurunnītu, Nin-Isina, Nēr-ē-tagmil, Nuska, Lagamal, Allani, Shuwala, Ningishzida, Ninazu, Inshushinak, Erra, Ereshkigal, Enmesharra, Kanisurra, Nam-tar, Nintinugga, Anu, Inanna, Annunitum, Nanaya, Nisaba, Ninshubur, Ninisina, Gula, Dumuzi, Ninsun, Geshtinanna, Lases, Ningirsu, Pabilsag, Nergal, Ugur, Ninurta, Anzû
- child of
- Enlil
- served by
- Eturammi
Mentioned by
- Lagamal
- Allani
- Shuwala
- Ningishzida
- Ninazu
- Inshushinak
- Erra
- Ereshkigal
- Enmesharra
- Kanisurra
- Nam-tar
- Nintinugga
- Anu
- Inanna
- Annunitum
- Nanaya
and 18 more
Sources
Source passages
“Birtum, husband of Manungal”
#12244 · extracted by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
“Nungal's spouse was Birtum, whose name means "fetter" or "shackle" in Akkadian. While the word is grammatically feminine, the deity was regarded as male. Birtum also appears among underworld gods linked to Nergal in god lists. As Nungal is called a daughter in law of Enlil, Birtum was likely his son.”
#37158 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“In a late version of the myth of Anzû, Enlil asks his assistant Nuska to summon Birtum. While the fragment in which he explains to Birtum why he needs his help is missing, in the subsequent section of the text he congratulates Ninurta (who he addresses as his lord) on behalf of Enlil”
#38779 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001