Nungal
Nungal is a deity in Babylonian mythology who is the daughter of Ereshkigal, the first lady of the Underworld. As the offspring of the supreme underworld goddess, she holds a significant position in the realm of the dead.
↻ synthesized from 4 sources
When
- First attested
- 3000 BCE
- Attested period
- -3000 – 2020
- Historical notes
- Attested in Babylonian cuneiform sources from ancient Mesopotamia.
Relationships
- co occurs with
- Enmesharra, Kanisurra, Gugalana, Manungal, Ninkasi, Igigi, Ninimma, Siras, Kurunnītu, Eturammi, Nēr-ē-tagmil, Šarrab(u), Šâbu, Nergal, Lagamal, Allani, Shuwala, Ugur, Ningishzida, Ninazu, Inshushinak, Erra, Nam-tar, Enlil, Inanna, Anu, Annunitum, Nanaya, Nisaba, Ninshubur, Ninisina, Gula, Dumuzi, Ninsun, Geshtinanna, Lases, Ningirsu, Pabilsag
- allied with
- Nintinugga, Ereshkigal
- parent of
- Dullum
- consort of
- Birtum
- child of
- Ereshkigal
- has aspect
- Ninegal
- manifested by
- Bēlet-balāṭi
- syncretized with
- Nin-Isina
Mentioned by
- Nergal
- Lagamal
- Allani
- Shuwala
- Ugur
- Ningishzida
- Ninazu
- Inshushinak
- Erra
- Nam-tar
- Enlil
- Inanna
- Anu
- Annunitum
- Nanaya
- Nisaba
and 17 more
Sources
Source passages
“Nungal (Babylonian mythology), daughter of Ereshkigal”
#12234 · extracted by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
“In Sumerian mythology, Ereshkigal is the mother of the goddess Nungal. In a fragmentary text translated by Jeremiah Peterson, Nungal appears alongside Ereshkigal and the healing goddess Nintinugga.”
#12523 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“As Nungal is called a daughter in law of Enlil, Birtum was likely his son. Nungal was also called the "true stewardess of Enlil," agrig-zi-dEn-lil-lá. In the god list An = Anum the deity Dullum, whose name has been translated as "serfdom" ("Frondienst") by Antoine Cavigneaux and Manfred Krebernik, appears as Nungal's son.”
#37157 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“Wilfred G. Lambert proposed that originally Birtum was worshiped alongside Nungal in a presently unknown city which declined in the third millennium BCE, which lead to transfer of its tutelary deities to Nippur.”
#38777 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001