Kumarbi
Kumarbi is one of the Hurrian primeval deities. They are listed in Hittite treaties, specifically the treaty with Alaksandu, which lists only nine of the twelve primeval deities.
↻ synthesized from 9 sources
When
- First attested
- 2000 BCE
- Attested period
- -3000 – 2020
- Historical notes
- Incorporated into Hittite religion in the 14th century BCE.
Relationships
- co occurs with
- Sun goddess of the Earth, Amunki, Tuḫuši, Napšara, Ammezzadu, Arma, Yarikh, Minki, Ammunki, Apandu, Ḫedammu, Upelluri, Eltara, Iya, Dadmiš, Pišaišapḫi, Anat, Kušuḫ, Ea-šarri, Sun god of Heaven, Tašmišu, Dagon, Baal Zephon, Hebat, Shuwaliyat, Alḫe, Amizzadu, Ullikummi, Ḫiriḫibi, Nergal, Lases, Aštabi, Ishum, Ninlil, Erra, Ereshkigal, Mammitum, Simut, Sin, Allani, Nara, Kubaba, lamma, Ea, Išḫara, Shamash, Belet Nagar, Adad, Ashtart, Nikkal, Šauška, Hadad, Baalshamin, Set, Horus, Amun, Resheph, Nabarbi, Ugur
- allied with
- Nupatik, Shuwala, primeval deities
- consort of
- Shalash
- child of
- Alalu
Mentioned by
- Nergal
- Lases
- Aštabi
- Ishum
- Ninlil
- Erra
- Ereshkigal
- Mammitum
- Simut
- Sin
- Allani
- Nara
- Kubaba
- lamma
- Ea
- Išḫara
and 17 more
Sources
Source passages
“It has also been proposed that his name was used to represent a Hurrian god, possibly Kumarbi or Aštabi, in early inscriptions from Urkesh, but there is also evidence that he was worshiped by the Hurrians under his own name as one of the Mesopotamian deities they incorporated into their own pantheon.”
#13609 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“[I sing of Kumarbi, Father of the Gods.] The Primeval Deities, who [are in the Dark Earth(?)] – let [those] important [Primeval] Deities listen!”
#14986 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“a half-human son of Kumarbi...He is first mentioned by Kumarbi while he plans where to hide the eponymous monster to make sure none of his enemies will see him while he is still growing.”
#17395 · extracted by anthropic/claude-sonnet-4.5
“In offering lists, he appears between Kumarbi and Iya (Hayya). Once he instead occurs between the latter deity and Dadmiš.”
#19296 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001
“This would once again echo the mythological motif of a previous chief of the Pantheon who gets replaced by the new generation of deities represented by the younger ascendant ruler and newly appointed chief of the gods, as is the case also for the Hittite "Cycle of Kumarbi" where Teshub displaces the previously established father of the gods Kumarbi.”
#22952 · extracted by google/gemini-2.0-flash-001